Getal & Ruimte (13e editie) - vwo wiskunde B

'Sinus- en cosinusregel'.

vwo wiskunde B 3.4 De sinusregel en de cosinusregel

Sinus- en cosinusregel (10)

opgave 1

3p

a

L53°M78°K22?Gegeven is \(\triangle K\kern{-.8pt}L\kern{-.8pt}M\) met \(K\kern{-.8pt}M = 22 \text{,}\) \(\angle L = 53\degree\) en \(\angle M = 78\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken de lengte van zijde \(K\kern{-.8pt}L \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




SinusregelZijdeInScherp
007p - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

a

De sinusregel in \(\triangle K\kern{-.8pt}L\kern{-.8pt}M\) geeft \({K\kern{-.8pt}M \over \sin(\angle L)} = {K\kern{-.8pt}L \over \sin(\angle M)} = {L\kern{-.8pt}M \over \sin(\angle K)} \text{.}\)

1p

Dus \(K\kern{-.8pt}L = {K\kern{-.8pt}M ⋅ \sin(\angle M) \over \sin(\angle L)} = {22 ⋅ \sin(78\degree) \over \sin(53\degree)} \text{.}\)

1p

\(K\kern{-.8pt}L ≈ 26{,}9 \text{.}\)

1p

3p

b

Q27°R115°P21?Gegeven is \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) met \(P\kern{-.8pt}R = 21 \text{,}\) \(\angle Q = 27\degree\) en \(\angle R = 115\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken de lengte van zijde \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




SinusregelZijdeInStomp
007q - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

b

De sinusregel in \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) geeft \({P\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle Q)} = {P\kern{-.8pt}Q \over \sin(\angle R)} = {Q\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle P)} \text{.}\)

1p

Dus \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q = {P\kern{-.8pt}R ⋅ \sin(\angle R) \over \sin(\angle Q)} = {21 ⋅ \sin(115\degree) \over \sin(27\degree)} \text{.}\)

1p

\(P\kern{-.8pt}Q ≈ 41{,}9 \text{.}\)

1p

3p

c

M50°K?L2026Gegeven is \(\triangle K\kern{-.8pt}L\kern{-.8pt}M\) met \(K\kern{-.8pt}L = 20 \text{,}\) \(L\kern{-.8pt}M = 26\) en \(\angle M = 50\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken \(\angle \text{K} \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




SinusregelHoekInScherp
007r - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 5ms

c

De sinusregel in \(\triangle K\kern{-.8pt}L\kern{-.8pt}M\) geeft \({K\kern{-.8pt}L \over \sin(\angle M)} = {L\kern{-.8pt}M \over \sin(\angle K)} = {K\kern{-.8pt}M \over \sin(\angle L)} \text{.}\)

1p

Daaruit volgt \(\sin(\angle K) = {L\kern{-.8pt}M ⋅ \sin(\angle M) \over K\kern{-.8pt}L} = {26 ⋅ \sin(50\degree) \over 20} = 0{,}995... \text{.}\)

1p

Dit geeft \(\angle K ≈ 84{,}8\degree\) of \(\angle K ≈ 95{,}2\degree \text{.}\)
Uit de afbeelding volgt dat \(\angle K\) een scherpe hoek is, dus \(\angle K ≈ 84{,}8\degree \text{.}\)

1p

3p

d

Q31°R?P1524Gegeven is \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) met \(P\kern{-.8pt}R = 15 \text{,}\) \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q = 24\) en \(\angle Q = 31\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken \(\angle \text{R} \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




SinusregelHoekInStomp
007s - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

d

De sinusregel in \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) geeft \({P\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle Q)} = {P\kern{-.8pt}Q \over \sin(\angle R)} = {Q\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle P)} \text{.}\)

1p

Daaruit volgt \(\sin(\angle R) = {P\kern{-.8pt}Q ⋅ \sin(\angle Q) \over P\kern{-.8pt}R} = {24 ⋅ \sin(31\degree) \over 15} = 0{,}824... \text{.}\)

1p

Dit geeft \(\angle R ≈ 55{,}5\degree\) of \(\angle R ≈ 124{,}5\degree \text{.}\)
Uit de afbeelding volgt dat \(\angle R\) een stompe hoek is, dus \(\angle R ≈ 124{,}5\degree \text{.}\)

1p

opgave 2

4p

a

P41°QR63°?28Gegeven is \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) met \(P\kern{-.8pt}R = 28 \text{,}\) \(\angle P = 41\degree\) en \(\angle R = 63\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken de lengte van zijde \(Q\kern{-.8pt}R \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




SinusregelZijdeNaHoekInScherp
007t - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

a

Uit \(\angle P + \angle Q + \angle R = 180\degree\) volgt \(\angle Q = 180\degree - \angle P - \angle R = 180\degree - 41\degree - 63\degree = 76\degree \text{.}\)

1p

De sinusregel in \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) geeft \({Q\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle P)} = {P\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle Q)} = {P\kern{-.8pt}Q \over \sin(\angle R)} \text{.}\)

1p

Dus \(Q\kern{-.8pt}R = {P\kern{-.8pt}R ⋅ \sin(\angle P) \over \sin(\angle Q)} = {28 ⋅ \sin(41\degree) \over \sin(76\degree)} \text{.}\)

1p

\(Q\kern{-.8pt}R ≈ 18{,}9 \text{.}\)

1p

4p

b

R27°PQ38°?43Gegeven is \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) met \(Q\kern{-.8pt}R = 43 \text{,}\) \(\angle R = 27\degree\) en \(\angle Q = 38\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken de lengte van zijde \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




SinusregelZijdeNaHoekInStomp
007u - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

b

Uit \(\angle R + \angle P + \angle Q = 180\degree\) volgt \(\angle P = 180\degree - \angle R - \angle Q = 180\degree - 27\degree - 38\degree = 115\degree \text{.}\)

1p

De sinusregel in \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) geeft \({P\kern{-.8pt}Q \over \sin(\angle R)} = {Q\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle P)} = {P\kern{-.8pt}R \over \sin(\angle Q)} \text{.}\)

1p

Dus \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q = {Q\kern{-.8pt}R ⋅ \sin(\angle R) \over \sin(\angle P)} = {43 ⋅ \sin(27\degree) \over \sin(115\degree)} \text{.}\)

1p

\(P\kern{-.8pt}Q ≈ 21{,}5 \text{.}\)

1p

3p

c

QR68°P1615?Gegeven is \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) met \(Q\kern{-.8pt}R = 16 \text{,}\) \(P\kern{-.8pt}R = 15\) en \(\angle R = 68\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken de lengte van zijde \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




CosinusregelZijdeInScherp
007v - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

c

De cosinusregel in \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) geeft \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q^{2} = Q\kern{-.8pt}R^{2} + P\kern{-.8pt}R^{2} - 2 ⋅ Q\kern{-.8pt}R ⋅ P\kern{-.8pt}R ⋅ \cos(\angle R) \text{.}\)

1p

Dus \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q^{2} = 16^{2} + 15^{2} - 2 ⋅ 16 ⋅ 15 ⋅ \cos(68\degree) = 301{,}188... \text{.}\)

1p

\(P\kern{-.8pt}Q = \sqrt{301{,}188...} ≈ 17{,}4 \text{.}\)

1p

3p

d

RP118°Q2941?Gegeven is \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) met \(P\kern{-.8pt}R = 29 \text{,}\) \(P\kern{-.8pt}Q = 41\) en \(\angle P = 118\degree \text{.}\)
Bereken de lengte van zijde \(Q\kern{-.8pt}R \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




CosinusregelZijdeInStomp
007w - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

d

De cosinusregel in \(\triangle P\kern{-.8pt}Q\kern{-.8pt}R\) geeft \(Q\kern{-.8pt}R^{2} = P\kern{-.8pt}R^{2} + P\kern{-.8pt}Q^{2} - 2 ⋅ P\kern{-.8pt}R ⋅ P\kern{-.8pt}Q ⋅ \cos(\angle P) \text{.}\)

1p

Dus \(Q\kern{-.8pt}R^{2} = 29^{2} + 41^{2} - 2 ⋅ 29 ⋅ 41 ⋅ \cos(118\degree) = 3638{,}403... \text{.}\)

1p

\(Q\kern{-.8pt}R = \sqrt{3638{,}403...} ≈ 60{,}3 \text{.}\)

1p

opgave 3

4p

a

AB?C131013Gegeven is \(\triangle A\kern{-.8pt}B\kern{-.8pt}C\) met \(A\kern{-.8pt}B = 13 \text{,}\) \(B\kern{-.8pt}C = 10\) en \(A\kern{-.8pt}C = 13 \text{.}\)
Bereken \(\angle \text{B} \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




CosinusregelHoekInScherp
007x - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 5ms

a

De cosinusregel in \(\triangle A\kern{-.8pt}B\kern{-.8pt}C\) geeft \(A\kern{-.8pt}C^{2} = A\kern{-.8pt}B^{2} + B\kern{-.8pt}C^{2} - 2 ⋅ A\kern{-.8pt}B ⋅ B\kern{-.8pt}C ⋅ \cos(\angle B) \text{.}\)

1p

Invullen geeft \(13^{2} = 13^{2} + 10^{2} - 2 ⋅ 13 ⋅ 10 ⋅ \cos(\angle B)\)
dus \(169 = 269 - 260 ⋅ \cos(\angle B) \text{.}\)

1p

Balansmethode geeft \(\cos(\angle B) = {169 - 269 \over -260} = 0{,}384...\)

1p

Hieruit volgt \(\angle B = \cos^{-1}(0{,}384...) ≈ 67{,}4\degree \text{.}\)

1p

4p

b

AB?C163437Gegeven is \(\triangle A\kern{-.8pt}B\kern{-.8pt}C\) met \(A\kern{-.8pt}B = 16 \text{,}\) \(B\kern{-.8pt}C = 34\) en \(A\kern{-.8pt}C = 37 \text{.}\)
Bereken \(\angle \text{B} \text{.}\)
Rond indien nodig af op één decimaal.




CosinusregelHoekInStomp
007y - Sinus- en cosinusregel - basis - 0ms

b

De cosinusregel in \(\triangle A\kern{-.8pt}B\kern{-.8pt}C\) geeft \(A\kern{-.8pt}C^{2} = A\kern{-.8pt}B^{2} + B\kern{-.8pt}C^{2} - 2 ⋅ A\kern{-.8pt}B ⋅ B\kern{-.8pt}C ⋅ \cos(\angle B) \text{.}\)

1p

Invullen geeft \(37^{2} = 16^{2} + 34^{2} - 2 ⋅ 16 ⋅ 34 ⋅ \cos(\angle B)\)
dus \(1\,369 = 1\,412 - 1\,088 ⋅ \cos(\angle B) \text{.}\)

1p

Balansmethode geeft \(\cos(\angle B) = {1\,369 - 1\,412 \over -1\,088} = 0{,}039...\)

1p

Hieruit volgt \(\angle B = \cos^{-1}(0{,}039...) ≈ 87{,}7\degree \text{.}\)

1p

"